When starting ABA therapy, it’s normal to feel hopeful and nervous at the same time. Many families worry when their child’s behavior gets worse before it gets better.
This early change is often a sign of progress, not failure. It’s called an extinction burst—a common and temporary phase in applied behaviour analysis. With the right support, this phase can be managed calmly and effectively.
What Does “Extinction Burst” Mean in ABA?
An extinction burst happens when a behavior suddenly becomes more intense or frequent after it stops being rewarded. For example, if a child no longer gets attention for yelling, they may yell louder or more often for a short time.
This burst is expected. It shows that the behavior is no longer working in the old way. Over time, and with consistency, the behavior will fade.
This process is well-documented in behavior science. Experts like Cooper, Heron, and Heward (2007) describe extinction bursts as a normal part of behavior change in ABA therapy.
Why Do Extinction Bursts Happen?
All behavior has a purpose. Children use behavior to meet needs—like getting attention or avoiding a task.
When the behavior no longer works, frustration often follows. The child may act out more strongly at first. This reaction is the extinction burst.
But when the behavior no longer leads to the expected result, and caregivers stay consistent, the behavior starts to disappear.
Organizations like the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) recommend ongoing support during this process. Staying calm and steady helps the child adjust faster.
How Long Do Extinction Bursts Last?
It depends on the child and the situation. For some, it lasts a few days. For others, it may take a week or two.
The key is staying consistent. If the behavior is accidentally rewarded again, the burst can last longer.
Working with a trained behavior analyst helps. They guide families through each step and adjust strategies when needed. Many families find success with in-home ABA therapy, where support happens right in the child’s everyday space.
Extinction Burst vs. Regression: Know the Difference
An extinction burst is short-term and happens right after reinforcement is removed. A regression looks different. It may involve losing skills or stepping back in development.
During an extinction burst:
- The behavior gets worse before it gets better
- It happens soon after changes in reinforcement
- It fades with consistency
During a regression:
- Skills that were mastered are lost
- It may be linked to illness, stress, or trauma
- It often needs a broader evaluation
Understanding the difference helps families respond with the right support.
How to Support a Child During an Extinction Burst
1. Stay Calm and Consistent
Reacting with calmness helps your child feel safe. Don’t reward the old behavior—even if it escalates. Consistency is powerful.
2. Reinforce Positive Behaviors
Teach and reward better ways to communicate. For example, show how to ask for help instead of crying or yelling. Celebrate small wins.
3. Use Visual Aids and Routines
Children feel safer when they know what’s coming next. Try a picture schedule or daily routine chart. Predictability reduces anxiety.
4. Practice Mindfulness Together
Simple breathing or grounding exercises can help both you and your child. These tools ease stress during tough moments.
The Role of ABA Therapy Services in Managing Extinction Bursts
Professional support makes a big difference. A Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA) helps create a plan that fits your child’s needs.
With ABA therapy services, families get:
- Clear step-by-step strategies
- Real-time coaching and support
- Ongoing monitoring and adjustments
In-home ABA therapy is especially helpful. It brings therapy into real-life situations, where children are most comfortable.
Final Thoughts
An extinction burst in ABA therapy may feel overwhelming—but it’s a sign that change is happening.
With expert guidance, patience, and love, this phase passes. What comes next is growth, skill-building, and real progress.
You’re not alone in this. Whether at home or in a clinic, applied behaviour analysis offers tools, support, and hope.